The exact year of Jesus’ crucifixion is not explicitly stated in the Bible, but most scholars estimate it occurred around **AD 30 or AD 33**, based on historical and biblical evidence. Here are some primary references and reasoning behind the estimate:
1. **Roman Governorship of Pontius Pilate**
Jesus was crucified under Pontius Pilate, who governed Judea from AD 26 to AD 36.
– *Reference:* Matthew 27:2, Mark 15:1, Luke 23:1-3, John 18:28-29.
2. **Timing of the Passover**
The Gospels record that Jesus was crucified during Passover, and the crucifixion took place on the “Preparation Day” (the day before the Sabbath).
– *Reference:* Matthew 26:17-19, Mark 14:12-16, Luke 22:7-15, John 19:14.
Using astronomical analysis of the Jewish calendar, possible years for a Friday Passover during Pontius Pilate’s rule are AD 30 and AD 33.
3. **Jesus’ Age and Ministry Duration**
Luke 3:23 states that Jesus was “about thirty years old” when He began His ministry. His ministry likely lasted around three years, based on the mention of three Passover feasts in the Gospel of John (John 2:13, John 6:4, John 11:55). If Jesus was born around 5–6 BC (based on Matthew 2 and the reign of Herod the Great), His crucifixion would align with AD 30 or AD 33.
4. **Prophecy Fulfillment and Historical Context**
Jesus’ death and resurrection fulfilled Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah (e.g., Isaiah 53, Psalm 22). His death also coincided with events described in the Gospels, such as the darkness over the land and the tearing of the temple veil.
– *Reference:* Matthew 27:45-54, Mark 15:33-39, Luke 23:44-47, John 19:30.
Based on this evidence, **AD 30** and **AD 33** are the most widely supported dates for Jesus’ crucifixion, with many scholars favoring AD 33.